What is the difference between active and passive range of motion exercises?

Active range of motion exercises are characterized by the patient's voluntary movement, where they engage their muscles to move their limbs through various motions. This type of exercise promotes muscle strength, increases flexibility, and enhances overall functional mobility. In contrast, passive range of motion exercises involve a therapist or caregiver moving the patient's limbs without any effort from the patient. This can help maintain joint flexibility and prevent stiffness, particularly in individuals who may be unable to move on their own due to injury or illness.

The distinction between these two forms of exercises is fundamental in physical therapy, as each serves different therapeutic purposes. Active exercises foster independence and strength in the patient, while passive exercises are beneficial for maintaining range of motion and minimizing complications from immobility. Understanding this difference is crucial for physical therapy technicians, as it helps them design effective rehabilitation programs tailored to the needs of patients.