Which artery branches off the aorta and supplies blood to the arms?

The subclavian artery is responsible for supplying blood to the arms. As it branches off from the aorta, it travels laterally and gives rise to other arteries, including the vertebral artery and the internal thoracic artery, before continuing to become the axillary artery as it enters the arm. This makes it essential for ensuring that the upper extremities receive an adequate blood supply.

In contrast, the carotid artery primarily supplies blood to the head and neck, while the radial artery is a branch of the brachial artery that supplies the forearm and hand but does not originate from the aorta. The femoral artery, on the other hand, is a major blood vessel supplying blood to the lower limbs and is not involved with the arms at all. Thus, the subclavian artery is the correct choice as it directly provides the necessary blood flow to the arms from the aorta.