Which structures make up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

The Central Nervous System (CNS) is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. This structure is crucial because the brain serves as the control center for processing information, decision-making, and coordinating bodily functions, while the spinal cord acts as a conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Together, they play a fundamental role in integrating sensory information and coordinating motor responses.

The brain includes various parts such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem, but the key defining aspect of the CNS is that it encompasses both the brain and the spinal cord. Other options refer to structures outside of the CNS, such as peripheral nerves, which belong to the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and are responsible for transmitting information to and from the CNS. The terminology involved helps to clearly delineate the difference in function and structure between the CNS and PNS, reinforcing the understanding of how these systems work together in the body.